Daily Cannabis Use Surpasses Alcohol: America’s New Reality and the DUI Defense Crisis

How the historic milestone where daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol is reshaping DUI law and defense strategies nationwide

For the first time in United States history, daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol consumption¹. This unprecedented shift represents more than changing social habits—it signals a fundamental transformation that is reshaping courtrooms, challenging law enforcement, and creating new realities for criminal defense attorneys from coast to coast.

The numbers tell a story of revolutionary change: 17.7 million Americans now use cannabis daily, compared to 14.7 million daily alcohol drinkers². This represents approximately 7% of adults consuming cannabis daily versus 6% for alcohol³. The significance of this milestone where daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol cannot be overstated. Behind these statistics lies a complex web of legal challenges, scientific discoveries, and human stories that are redefining what it means to drive under the influence in modern America.

The Historic Milestone: Daily Cannabis Use Surpasses Alcohol

The Carnegie Mellon University study represents the most comprehensive analysis of American cannabis consumption patterns ever undertaken. Professor Jonathan Caulkins examined more than 1.6 million responses from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH)¹. This federal survey has tracked substance use across the United States since 1979, providing an unparalleled window into America’s evolving relationship with cannabis.

The transformation revealed in Caulkins’ research, published in Addiction, is nothing short of extraordinary. Major news outlets including Associated Press and PBS NewsHour have highlighted these groundbreaking findings. The data confirms that daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol in ways that fundamentally reshape American society. In 1992, only approximately 0.9 million Americans reported daily cannabis use, compared to 8.9 million daily alcohol drinkers¹. By 2022, cannabis daily users had surged to 17.7 million, surpassing alcohol at 14.7 million².

Understanding Why Daily Cannabis Use Surpasses Alcohol Trends

The Scale of Change:
From 1992 to 2022, daily cannabis use grew fifteen-fold while daily alcohol consumption remained essentially flat¹. Today, about 40% of cannabis consumers use daily or near-daily, compared to just 11% of alcohol drinkers³. This trend where daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol represents a societal shift with profound legal implications. As Caulkins observed, “A good 40 percent of current cannabis users are using it daily or near daily, a pattern that is more associated with tobacco use than typical alcohol use”⁵.

This isn’t merely a temporary trend but represents a fundamental shift in American substance use patterns that extends far beyond individual choice into the realm of public safety, law enforcement, and criminal justice. The reality that daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol demands new approaches to DUI law enforcement nationwide.

Generational Revolution: The Age of Cannabis

The Monitoring the Future survey from 2023 reveals dramatic generational divides that illustrate just how profound this transformation has become⁶. The patterns emerging across age groups paint a picture of America in transition as daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol across multiple demographics:

Legal Implications When Daily Cannabis Use Surpasses Alcohol in Demographics

Young Adults (19-30): Lead this revolution with 10.4% reporting daily cannabis use versus only 3.6% daily alcohol use—nearly a three-to-one ratio⁶. This represents a 75% increase in daily cannabis use among young adults over the past decade, rising from 5.9% in 2013 to 10.4% in 2023⁶. Meanwhile, daily alcohol use among this same demographic decreased by 35%, falling from 5.5% to 3.6%⁷.

Midlife Adults (35-50): Show convergence, with cannabis at 7.5% nearly matching alcohol at 7.8%⁶, suggesting the generational shift is moving upward through age brackets.

Older Adults (55-65): Maintain traditional patterns with alcohol remaining higher at 11.4% versus 5.2% for cannabis⁶, though even these numbers show cannabis gaining ground in previously resistant demographics.

Perhaps most remarkably, for the first time in recorded history, women aged 19-30 reported higher past-year cannabis use than men⁸. This gender reversal represents a complete inversion of traditional substance use patterns and signals how thoroughly cannabis has penetrated mainstream American culture. These demographic changes underscore how daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol in ways that challenge conventional enforcement approaches.

Arizona’s Laboratory: Post-Proposition 207 Reality

Arizona serves as a compelling case study for how cannabis legalization intersects with this national trend. When 60% of Arizona voters approved Proposition 207 in November 2020, they legalized possession of up to one ounce and six home plants for adults. Retail sales began in January 2021, with a 16% excise tax plus sales tax funding community colleges, law enforcement, and highways⁹. Arizona’s experience demonstrates the legal challenges that emerge as daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol in legalized markets.

Arizona’s Market Performance:
The numbers from Arizona’s cannabis market illustrate the economic magnitude of this shift. Cannabis sales have exceeded $1 billion annually since legalization⁹, with peak sales reaching $1.42 billion in 2023⁹. In 2024, total sales of $1.212 billion generated nearly $300 million in tax revenue¹⁰. The first eight months of 2025 alone generated $190.9 million in taxes from nearly $1 billion in sales¹¹. These figures reflect the broader national pattern where daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol consumption.

Arizona’s medical marijuana landscape reflects the broader national transition. The Arizona Department of Health Services reported 86,074 active medical marijuana patients in May 2025, down from a peak of over 313,000 in 2021¹². This dramatic decline illustrates how patients have migrated to the recreational market following legalization. The patient migration reflects broader societal changes as daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol acceptance.

The largest patient demographic remains ages 41-50 (16,630 patients), followed by ages 61-70 (16,132 patients)¹², demonstrating that medical cannabis use spans generations and medical conditions rather than following recreational use patterns. This medical use contributes to the overall trend where daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol across all age groups.

Tax Revenue Allocation:
Arizona’s Smart and Safe Arizona Fund demonstrates how cannabis revenue is reshaping public funding. The allocation directs 33% to Community College Districts, 31.4% to Local Law Enforcement and Fire Departments, 25.4% to the Arizona Highway User Revenue Fund, 10% to the Justice Reinvestment Fund for public safety, health, and drug treatment, and 0.2% to the Attorney General’s office for enforcement⁹.

Cannabis Impaired Driving Defense: The New Legal Reality

As the reality emerges that daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol nationally, cannabis impaired driving defense has become critical in states across America. The AAA Foundation’s 2025 study of 2,000 cannabis users across eight states reveals alarming patterns that underscore the urgency of this issue¹³.

Dangerous Convergence:
The AAA Foundation research exposes a troubling reality: 84.8% of cannabis users drive within eight hours of consumption¹³. Even more concerning, 53% drive within one hour—the peak impairment period¹³. With 44.1% of users consuming cannabis multiple times daily while 57.8% drive daily¹³, the mathematical probability of impaired driving incidents approaches statistical certainty. These behaviors become more problematic as daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol and driving patterns remain unchanged.

Perhaps most revealing is the perception gap: 46.9% of cannabis users believe they drive “the same” after cannabis use, with 34.1% believing they actually drive better¹³. This dangerous misconception means that the vast majority of users are putting themselves at risk for DUI charges by driving too soon after consumption, often without recognizing their impairment. The misperception becomes more concerning as daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol and users develop false confidence in their abilities.

Fatal Consequences: The FARS Data Reality

The Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), which meticulously tracks all fatal motor vehicle crashes in the United States, provides sobering evidence of cannabis legalization’s impact on road safety. A comprehensive 2024 study analyzing 14,079 fatally injured drivers from 2019-2020 revealed significant correlations between state cannabis laws and traffic fatalities¹⁴. These findings become increasingly relevant as daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol nationwide.

Legalization Impact on Fatal Crashes:
The data shows clear patterns based on state legalization status. In non-legal states, 30.7% of fatally injured drivers tested positive for cannabis¹⁴. Medical-only states saw slightly higher rates at 32.8%¹⁴. Most significantly, recreational legal states showed 38.2% cannabis positivity rates—representing a 54% higher likelihood of cannabis involvement in fatal crashes¹⁴. These statistics become more concerning as daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol and legalization expands.

High-Risk Demographics:
The study identified specific risk factors that defense attorneys nationwide must understand. Drivers under 30 years old showed significantly elevated cannabis positivity rates¹⁴, aligning with the generational usage patterns revealed in other research. Male drivers demonstrated higher rates than female drivers¹⁴, nighttime crashes showed increased cannabis involvement¹⁴, and spring season correlated with higher cannabis positivity rates¹⁴.

The temporal aspect proved particularly revealing: 2020 showed 35.7% cannabis positivity versus 31.2% in 2019¹⁴, suggesting that societal changes during the pandemic may have accelerated dangerous driving behaviors. These trends correlate with the broader pattern where daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol consumption.

The study’s conclusion carries profound implications for legal practice: drivers fatally injured in states with recreational cannabis laws were significantly more likely (54% higher odds) to test positive for cannabis compared to states without such laws¹⁴.

International Warning: Canada’s Sobering Lesson

Canada’s experience with cannabis legalization provides crucial data for understanding the potential trajectory in American states. A landmark 2023 study published in JAMA Network Open examined cannabis-involved traffic injuries in Ontario from 2010-2021, spanning the periods before legalization, after legalization, and during market commercialization¹⁵.

Dramatic Escalation:
The Canadian data reveals a stunning 475% increase in cannabis-involved emergency department visits for traffic injuries over the study period¹⁵. The timeline shows how policy changes correlate with injury patterns: post-legalization (2018-2020) saw a 94% increase in cannabis-involved traffic injury emergency department visits¹⁵, while post-commercialization (2020-2021) witnessed a 223% increase during market expansion¹⁵. Canada’s experience provides crucial warnings for American states as daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol.

Severity Differential:
The Canadian study also illuminates the severity of cannabis-involved crashes. Cannabis-involved traffic victims required hospitalization at a rate of 49.5% compared to just 6% for general traffic injuries¹⁵. Even more alarming, 21% required intensive care compared to 1.8% for general traffic injuries¹⁵, meaning cannabis-involved victims were 20 times more likely to require ICU admission¹⁵.

Comparative Context:
During the same period that cannabis-involved traffic injury emergency department visits exploded, alcohol-involved traffic injury visits increased by only 9.4%¹⁵. This stark contrast suggests that cannabis legalization specifically contributed to increased road safety risks rather than reflecting broader changes in substance use or driving behavior. The contrast becomes more pronounced as daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol consumption rates.

Marijuana DUI False Positive Crisis: The Science Behind Flawed Testing

The most critical challenge facing cannabis DUI prosecution and defense lies in the marijuana DUI false positive crisis—the fundamental disconnect between detecting cannabis use and proving actual impairment. The 2023 UC San Diego study represents the largest randomized controlled trial ever conducted on cannabis and driving, and its findings challenge the entire foundation of current enforcement practices¹⁶.

The Marijuana DUI False Positive Crisis:
The UC San Diego research revealed a shocking reality about law enforcement’s ability to detect cannabis impairment. Trained police officers classified 81% of THC users as impaired, but they also misidentified 49% of completely sober placebo users as impaired¹⁶. This marijuana DUI false positive rate of nearly 50% calls into question every cannabis DUI arrest based solely on officer observation.

The Blood Test Fallacy:
Perhaps even more significant for defense attorneys, the study found no correlation between blood THC levels and driving performance¹⁶. This finding undermines the scientific basis for per se THC limits used in many states and suggests that blood test results may be irrelevant to determining actual impairment.

Detection Timeline Problems:
THC remains detectable for days or weeks after use, long after any impairment has subsided¹⁷. This creates a legal trap where individuals can face DUI charges based on cannabis use that occurred when they weren’t driving and weren’t impaired. This problem intensifies as daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol and more individuals face potential prosecution.

Field Sobriety Test Failures:
Current field sobriety tests, originally designed for alcohol detection, show 45.5% false positive/negative rates when applied to cannabis users¹⁸. This means that nearly half of all field sobriety test results for cannabis may be inaccurate, yet these tests often form the cornerstone of prosecution cases. The reliability issues become more critical as daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol and field sobriety tests are used more frequently.

The NORML organization summarized the implications: “Study: No Correlation Between THC Detection and Driving Impairment”¹⁷, highlighting how current legal frameworks rest on scientifically flawed foundations.

Youth and Campus Vulnerability

The intersection of high cannabis use rates among young adults and college environments creates particular risks that extend beyond individual cases to public policy concerns. Federal data reveals specific patterns among young cannabis users that defense attorneys must understand.

Youth-Specific Risk Factors:
Teen drivers demonstrate significantly different risk profiles, being 2.4 times more likely to drive after cannabis use than after alcohol consumption¹⁹. Among cannabis-using youth, 25% admitted to driving while impaired¹⁹, a rate that suggests widespread dangerous behavior among the demographic most likely to use cannabis daily. These risks become more pronounced as daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol among younger demographics.

College Campus Implications:
With young adults (19-30) showing 10.4% daily cannabis use rates⁶, college campuses represent concentrated areas of high-risk behavior. The combination of daily use patterns, poor risk perception (with many users believing cannabis improves their driving¹³), and frequent driving creates environments where cannabis DUI incidents become statistically inevitable. Campus safety concerns intensify as daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol in this demographic.

Economic Implications: When Daily Cannabis Use Surpasses Alcohol

The economic shift where daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol creates broader implications that affect insurance markets, healthcare systems, and court resources nationwide.

Insurance Industry Response:
Insurance premiums trend upward in legalization states due to increased crash risks²⁰. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety documents how the industry must adapt to new risk assessment models that account for cannabis use patterns, particularly given the dramatic increases in severe cannabis-involved crashes demonstrated in the Canadian data¹⁵. Insurance models require updating as daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol consumption patterns.

Healthcare System Strain:
Healthcare systems must adapt to treat cannabis-involved injuries, with emergency departments reporting increasing cannabis-related admissions¹⁵. The Canadian study’s finding that cannabis-involved crash victims require intensive care at 20 times the rate of general traffic injuries¹⁵ suggests significant resource allocation challenges for American hospitals. Healthcare planning becomes increasingly complex as daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol and injury patterns shift.

Workplace Complications:
Commercial drivers face federal zero-tolerance policies regardless of state legalization status, creating conflicts between state cannabis laws and federal transportation regulations. Safety-sensitive industries maintain strict cannabis prohibitions even in legalized states, while workplace drug testing policies struggle to distinguish between legal use and impairment.

Arizona’s Enforcement Evolution

Arizona’s law enforcement has adapted to address the new reality of widespread legal cannabis use through specialized training and targeted operations, providing a model for other states navigating similar transitions.

Specialized Training Programs:
Arizona has expanded Drug Recognition Expert (DRE) programs to train officers in detecting cannabis impairment beyond traditional alcohol-focused methods. These programs cost $15,000-$25,000 per officer and represent significant investments in addressing the science gap between detection and impairment. Training becomes increasingly important as daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol and officers encounter more cannabis-impaired drivers.

Geographic Enforcement Patterns:
Phoenix Metro operations target major interstate corridors including I-10, I-17, Loop 101/202, and SR-51, recognizing that cannabis-impaired driving often follows predictable traffic patterns. Phoenix Municipal Court processes over 160,000 cases annually, with increasing numbers involving cannabis DUI charges.

Regional Court Systems:
Different jurisdictions within Arizona have developed varying approaches to cannabis DUI cases. Tempe Justice Court handles cases from areas near Arizona State University, while Scottsdale City Court processes arrests from Old Town nightlife districts. Serious cases involving repeat offenses or injuries escalate to Maricopa County Superior Court.

Enforcement Challenges:
Unlike alcohol, cannabis lacks a validated roadside breath test, forcing Arizona law enforcement to rely on field sobriety tests and Drug Recognition Experts—both methods that recent scientific studies question for reliability with cannabis impairment¹⁶.

Cannabis DUI Field Sobriety Test Challenges: Constitutional Implications

The scientific evidence revealing marijuana DUI false positive rates and cannabis DUI field sobriety test challenges creates constitutional battles that are reshaping DUI law across the nation. Defense attorneys increasingly challenge the fundamental assumptions underlying cannabis DUI prosecutions through cannabis DUI field sobriety test challenges.

Cannabis DUI Field Sobriety Test Challenges:
The UC San Diego study’s finding that officers misidentify sober individuals as impaired 49% of the time¹⁶ raises serious questions about probable cause for arrests and reasonable suspicion for testing. These cannabis DUI field sobriety test challenges form the foundation for constitutional arguments. If trained officers cannot reliably detect cannabis impairment, the constitutional basis for stops and searches becomes questionable under Fourth Amendment protections.

Due Process Challenges:
The lack of correlation between blood THC levels and actual impairment¹⁶ creates due process concerns about per se THC limits. How can states criminalize behavior based on THC levels that don’t correspond to impairment or public safety risks?

Equal Protection Issues:
The fact that THC remains detectable for days or weeks after use¹⁷ creates potential equal protection problems. Cannabis users may face prosecution for legal behavior that occurred when they weren’t driving, while alcohol users benefit from rapid metabolism that eliminates evidence within hours.

Technology Race: Seeking Solutions

The cannabis DUI crisis has sparked intense technological development as companies race to create reliable impairment detection methods that can match alcohol breathalyzer accuracy.

Emerging Technologies:
Several companies are developing cannabis breath testing devices, though none have achieved the reliability standards necessary for legal acceptance. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) acknowledges the challenge of detecting THC in breath at levels that correlate with impairment, something current technology cannot accomplish reliably.

Mobile Applications:
Various smartphone applications claim to measure impairment through cognitive testing, eye tracking, or reaction time assessment. However, none have gained legal recognition for DUI defense purposes, and their reliability remains unproven in court settings.

Research Investment:
Federal and state governments are investing in research to develop reliable cannabis impairment detection methods, recognizing that the current legal framework rests on scientifically questionable foundations. The NHTSA has identified cannabis impairment detection as a priority research area.

Policy Evolution: Learning from Experience

As more states grapple with the intersection of cannabis legalization and driving safety, policy approaches are evolving based on accumulated evidence and experience.

Evidence-Based Approaches:
States are beginning to recognize that cannabis DUI law must be based on scientific evidence rather than assumptions borrowed from alcohol enforcement. The UC San Diego study¹⁶ and similar research are influencing policy discussions about per se limits, field sobriety test protocols, and officer training requirements tracked by the National Conference of State Legislatures. Policy reform becomes urgent as daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol nationwide.

Interstate Coordination:
The reality that cannabis users travel between states with different laws creates pressure for greater coordination and consistency in enforcement approaches. The Governors Highway Safety Association documents how variation between zero-tolerance and impairment-based laws creates legal traps for travelers who may be compliant in their home state but criminal in neighboring jurisdictions. Interstate coordination becomes more urgent as daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol and travel patterns increase.

Medical Patient Protections:
Recognition that medical marijuana patients may maintain consistent therapeutic levels of THC is leading some states to develop protections against automatic prosecution based solely on THC presence. These policies attempt to distinguish between therapeutic use and recreational impairment.

Defense Strategy Revolution

The scientific evidence revealing flaws in cannabis impairment detection is revolutionizing defense strategies in DUI cases nationwide. Successful defense attorneys are adapting to challenge prosecutions based on questionable science.

Cannabis Impaired Driving Defense Strategies:
Defense attorneys increasingly focus on cannabis impaired driving defense approaches that highlight the lack of correlation between blood THC levels and impairment¹⁶, using expert testimony to educate courts about the fundamental differences between cannabis and alcohol metabolism and detection. These strategies become more crucial as daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol and prosecution cases increase.

Cannabis DUI Field Sobriety Test Challenges:
The finding that trained officers misidentify sober individuals as impaired nearly half the time¹⁶ creates opportunities for cannabis DUI field sobriety test challenges that question officer observations and field sobriety test administration in cannabis cases.

Constitutional Arguments:
The scientific evidence provides ammunition for constitutional challenges to cannabis DUI laws, particularly regarding probable cause, reasonable suspicion, and due process protections under federal constitutional law.

Expert Witness Utilization:
Defense teams are building networks of scientific experts who can explain the toxicology, neuroscience, and pharmacology evidence that undermines traditional DUI prosecution approaches for cannabis cases.

Legal Implications: Daily Cannabis Use Surpasses Alcohol

The legal reality where daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol represents more than a statistical curiosity—it signals a fundamental shift in American society that demands equally fundamental changes in our approach to impaired driving law.

Scientific Reality vs. Legal Framework:
The disconnect between scientific evidence and legal practice creates an untenable situation where prosecutions proceed despite questionable foundations. The UC San Diego study’s findings¹⁶ suggest that current cannabis DUI enforcement may be convicting innocent people while failing to identify actually impaired drivers. This disconnect becomes more problematic as daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol and prosecution volume increases.

Public Safety Imperative:
The Canadian data showing 475% increases in cannabis-involved traffic injuries¹⁵ and American data revealing 54% higher fatality rates in legalization states¹⁴ demonstrate that public safety concerns are legitimate and urgent. However, addressing these concerns requires evidence-based solutions rather than prosecution approaches that may be counterproductive.

Individual Justice:
Each cannabis DUI prosecution involves an individual whose life may be dramatically affected by conviction. When prosecutions rest on scientifically questionable evidence—such as field sobriety tests with 45.5% error rates¹⁸ or blood tests that don’t correlate with impairment¹⁶—the justice system fails its fundamental mission.

Economic Considerations:
With cannabis generating billions in tax revenue—Arizona alone collected nearly $200 million in the first eight months of 2025¹¹—states have economic incentives to maintain legal markets while addressing public safety concerns. This requires balanced approaches that don’t criminalize legal behavior.

Generational Change:
With young adults using cannabis daily at nearly three times the rate of alcohol⁶, and women now using cannabis more than men in younger demographics⁸, the traditional approaches to substance use enforcement face demographic realities that demand adaptation. Legal systems must evolve as daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol across all demographic categories.

Conclusion: Daily Cannabis Use Surpasses Alcohol—A Justice System Transformation

The Carnegie Mellon University study documenting that daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol marks more than a statistical milestone—it represents a fundamental transformation in American culture that our legal and enforcement systems are struggling to address coherently.

The 17.7 million Americans who use cannabis daily² deserve a justice system based on scientific evidence rather than outdated assumptions. The current patchwork of laws, enforcement practices, and prosecution approaches creates arbitrary results that depend more on geography and politics than on actual public safety or individual culpability.

The evidence is clear that daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol, and compelling:

• Officers trained in cannabis detection face marijuana DUI false positive rates of nearly 50%¹⁶
• Blood THC levels show no correlation with driving impairment¹⁶
• Cannabis DUI field sobriety test challenges reveal 45.5% error rates¹⁸
• THC remains detectable long after impairment subsides¹⁷
• States with legal cannabis see 54% higher rates of cannabis-positive fatal crashes¹⁴
• Canada experienced 475% increases in cannabis-involved traffic injuries following legalization¹⁵

These facts demand a response that balances legitimate public safety concerns with individual rights and scientific reality. The current approach—prosecuting based on detection rather than impairment—serves neither public safety nor justice effectively in this new era where daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol nationwide.

The path forward requires:

• Evidence-based policy making that incorporates scientific findings about cannabis impairment detection
• Technology development to create reliable real-time impairment testing methods
• Legal reform that distinguishes between cannabis detection and actual impairment
• Training improvements for law enforcement that acknowledge current limitations
• Constitutional protections against prosecution based on scientifically questionable evidence

As the trend continues where daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol nationwide, the urgency of these reforms only increases. The choice facing America is clear: continue down a path of enforcement based on flawed science and inconsistent application, or evolve toward evidence-based approaches that serve both public safety and individual justice.

The 17.7 million Americans who use cannabis daily—and the millions more who use occasionally—deserve better than a legal system that criminalizes legal behavior based on tests that don’t measure impairment. They deserve justice based on evidence, protection based on science, and enforcement based on actual public safety rather than political assumptions in an era where daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol.

This American transformation where daily cannabis use surpasses alcohol isn’t going to reverse. The question is whether our legal system will adapt to this new reality with wisdom and evidence, or continue to stumble forward with approaches that serve neither justice nor safety effectively.

The time for half-measures and scientifically questionable enforcement has passed. America’s cannabis DUI crisis demands solutions worthy of a justice system committed to truth, evidence, and equal protection under law.